Cooling of Dark-Matter Admixed Neutron Stars with density-dependent Equation of State

We propose a dark-matter (DM) admixed density-dependent equation of state where the fermionic DM interacts with the nucleons via Higgs portal. Presence of DM can hardly influence the particle distribution inside neutron star (NS) but can significantly affect the structure as well as equation of state (EOS) of NS. Introduction of DM inside NS softens the equation of state. We explored the effect of variation of DM mass and DM Fermi momentum on the NS EOS. Moreover, DM-Higgs coupling is constrained using dark matter direct detection experiments. Then, we studied cooling of normal NSs using APR and DD2 EOSs and DM admixed NSs using dark-matter modified DD2 with varying DM mass and Fermi momentum. We have done our analysis by considering different NS masses. Also DM mass and DM Fermi momentum are varied for fixed NS mass and DM-Higgs coupling. We calculated the variations of luminosity and temperature of NS with time for all EOSs considered in our work and then compared our calculations with the observed astronomical cooling data of pulsars namely Cas A, RX J0822-43, 1E 1207-52, RX J0002+62, XMMU J17328, PSR B1706-44, Vela, PSR B2334+61, PSR B0656+14, Geminga, PSR B1055-52 and RX J0720.4-3125. It is found that APR EOS agrees well with the pulsar data for lighter and medium mass NSs but cooling is very fast for heavier NS. For DM admixed DD2 EOS, it is found that for all considered NS masses, all chosen DM masses and Fermi momenta agree well with the observational data of PSR B0656+14, Geminga, Vela, PSR B1706-44 and PSR B2334+61. Cooling becomes faster as compared to normal NSs in case of increasing DM mass and Fermi momenta. It is infered from the calculations that if low mass super cold NSs are observed in future that may support the fact that heavier WIMP can be present inside neutron stars.Comment: 24 Pages, 15 Figures and 2 Tables. Version accepted in The European Physical Journal

SINONASAL VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA Case series and review of literature

Verrucous carcinoma is a low grade malignancy and is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is a rare tumour of the Sino nasal tract. The neoplasm occurs in older people usually in the seventh or eighth decade of life. Our cases were sinonasal in origin and patients affected were young.

Mastalgia: A narrative literature review of current understanding and management

Mastalgia, or breast pain, is one of the most common breast symptoms experienced by women of reproductive age. The cyclical variant of mastalgia is predominant, and patients need proper assessment and management to allay their 2 chief concerns: (1) the severity of pain negatively impacting daily life and (2) the fear of harbouring malignancy. This article presents a brief review of various modalities of management for cyclical mastalgia and emphasizes data collected from peer-reviewed literature published in the last decade. Keywords: mastalgia; breast pain; mastodynia; mammalgia; cyclic mastalgia; noncyclic mastalgia; danazol; tamoxifen; reassurance; visual analogue scale

Floquet states and optical conductivity of an irradiated two dimensional topological insulator

We study the topology of the Floquet states and time-averaged optical conductivity of the lattice model of a thin topological insulator subject to a circularly polarized light using the extended Kubo formalism. Two driving regimes, the off-resonant and on-resonant, and two models for the occupation of the Floquet states, the ideal and mean-energy occupation, are considered. In the ideal occupation, the real part of DC optical Hall conductivity is shown to be quantized while it is not quantized for the mean energy distribution. The optical transitions in the Floquet band structure depend strongly on the occupation and also the optical weight which consequently affect all components of optical conductivity. At high frequency regime, we present an analytical calculation of the effective Hamiltonian and also its phase diagram which depends on the tunneling energy between two surfaces. The topology of the system shows rich phases when it is irradiated by a weak on-resonant drive giving rise to emergence of anomalous edge states.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

RIT1 GTPase Regulates Sox2 Transcriptional Activity and Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Adult neurogenesis, the process of generating mature neurons from neuronal progenitor cells, makes critical contributions to neural circuitry and brain function in both healthy and disease states. Neurogenesis is a highly regulated process in which diverse environmental and physiological stimuli are relayed to resident neural stem cell populations to control the transcription of genes involved in self-renewal and differentiation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing neurogenesis is necessary for the development of translational strategies to harness this process for neuronal repair. Here we report that the Ras-related GTPase RIT1 serves to control the sequential proliferation and differentiation of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cells, with in vivo expression of active RIT1 driving robust adult neurogenesis. Gene expression profiling analysis demonstrates increased expression of a specific set of transcription factors known to govern adult neurogenesis in response to active RIT1 expression in the hippocampus, including sex-determining region Y-related HMG box 2 (Sox2), a well established regulator of stem cell self-renewal and neurogenesis. In adult hippocampal neuronal precursor cells, RIT1 controls an Akt-dependent signaling cascade, resulting in the stabilization and transcriptional activation of phosphorylated Sox2. This study supports a role for RIT1 in relaying niche-derived signals to neural/stem progenitor cells to control transcription of genes involved in self-renewal and differentiation

On applicability of truncation method for damped axially moving string

In this paper, the detailed study of the transversal vibrations of a damped axially moving string is considered. Two end pulleys of the string are taken to be fixed and the initial conditions are assumed to be of general displacement field and the general velocity field. The axial speed of the string is considered to be sinusoidal, time-dependent and small compared to wave-velocity. A two timescales perturbation method with a combination of Fourier-sine series which fits the boundary conditions is employed in order to formulate the valid and uniform asymptotic approximations of the exact solutions for the equation. It is found that there are infinitely many values of frequency parameter Ω which cause the internal resonances in system. The fundamental resonant frequency, the non-resonant frequency and the detuning cases have been discussed and analyzed in detail. It has been found explicitly that the total mechanical energy of the infinite dimensional system decreases for two cases of the damping parameter, that is, for δ=2 and for δ>2. By truncation method it has been shown that the mode-amplitude response for first few modes is stable. So, Galerkin’s truncation method may be possible for these two cases of the parameter δ. But for case δ<2 the total mechanical energy of belt system is increasing exponentially. Therefore, it is evident that the Galerkin’s truncation method cannot be applied in order to obtain valid approximations on long timescales, that is, on timescales of O1/ε

On Energy Estimates for Damped String-Like Equation Considering Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin Boundary Conditions

This article provides detailed construction of energy estimates of the viscous damping aspects for axially moving string, which is modeled by a linear homogeneous sting-like equation, will be studied. The nine different boundary conditions are considered for the axially moving continua. The problem at hand describes the damped vertical vibrations of string-like equations, for example, a conveyor belt system and a band-saw blade. In this work, the velocity and coefficient of damping are kept positive and fixed. The stability of the system substantially depends upon change in boundary and subsequently boundary conditions. Also a decay in oscillatory energy is observed in all the considered cases of boundary conditions due to viscous damping. In some cases, the belt energy may increase or may decrease due to variations in different parameters . This exposes the uncertainty in these cases. Keywords: Belt Conveyor, String, Axially translating, Viscous dampin

Measures of implicit cognition for marketing research

Automatic, unconscious processes largely influence human decision-making. However, quantitative market research focuses on eliciting conscious responses. This foregoes the opportunity to investigate - and steer - preceding cognitive processes of decision-making. Three implicit cognitions are of special relevance along consumers' journey: Implicit attention introduces the first perception of a stimulus. Implicit associations can cause attitude and preference formation. Finally, approach tendencies can induce impulse buying. This paper provides a broad methodological overview of these implicit cognition measures to guide future researchers' marketing applications. It presents the methods' theoretical foundations, outlines how they can overcome explicit measures' limitations, and sketches their potential for marketing applications. In addition, the authors describe important research paradigms, alternative experimental setups, and data analyses steps to enable researchers to use implicit measurement tools. The measurement instruments are implemented in a non-profit software (AskYourBrain) and tested in an illustrative study. Key findings are summarized and marketing application suggestions made